{"id":34120,"date":"2026-08-14T14:54:25","date_gmt":"2026-08-14T14:54:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/francortesarquitectos.com\/?page_id=34120"},"modified":"2026-08-17T23:24:59","modified_gmt":"2026-08-17T23:24:59","slug":"health-and-safety-study","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/francortesarquitectos.com\/en\/guides\/health-and-safety-study\/","title":{"rendered":"Health and safety study: when the basic one is enough and when it is not"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fcg\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n\n\n<style>\n.fcg{\n  --surface:#fcfcfb; --ink:#0b0b0b; --ink2:#52514e; --muted:#898781;\n  --grid:#e1e0d9; --axis:#c3c2b7; --ring:rgba(11,11,11,0.10); --band:#f0efec;\n  --c1:#2a78d6; --c2:#eb6834; --c3:#1baf7a;\n  color-scheme:light;\n}\n.fcg .fcg-caja{background:var(--surface); border:1px solid var(--ring);\n  border-left:3px solid var(--c1); border-radius:8px; padding:16px 18px; 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line-height:1.6; color:var(--ink2); margin:0}\n\n\/* cierre *\/\n.fcg .fcg-cta{background:var(--ink); color:#fff; border-radius:11px;\n  padding:26px 28px; margin:32px 0 8px}\n.fcg .fcg-cta h2{color:#fff; font-size:20px; margin:0 0 11px; font-weight:650;\n  letter-spacing:-.018em; line-height:1.28}\n.fcg .fcg-cta p{color:rgba(255,255,255,.80); font-size:14.5px; line-height:1.62; margin:0 0 10px}\n.fcg .fcg-cta .btns{display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap; margin-top:18px}\n.fcg .fcg-cta a{display:inline-block; padding:11px 20px; border-radius:6px; font-size:14.5px;\n  font-weight:600; text-decoration:none; border:1px solid transparent}\n.fcg .fcg-cta a.p{background:#fff; color:var(--ink)}\n.fcg .fcg-cta a.s{border-color:rgba(255,255,255,.34); color:#fff}\n.fcg .fcg-cta a:hover{opacity:.86}\n\n\/* fuentes *\/\n.fcg .fcg-fuentes{font-size:12.5px; color:var(--muted); line-height:1.6;\n  border-top:1px solid var(--grid); padding-top:14px; margin-top:30px}\n.fcg .fcg-fuentes strong{color:var(--ink2)}\n\n@media(max-width:781px){\n  .fcg .fcg-cards, .fcg .fcg-cards.dos, .fcg .fcg-faq,\n  .fcg .fcg-check, .fcg .fcg-datos, .fcg .fcg-datos.dos{grid-template-columns:1fr}\n  .fcg .fcg-cta{padding:21px}\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"fcg-caja\"><p><strong>In short.<\/strong> Every set of works with a design needs a health and safety study, and without one there is no <strong>visado<\/strong> \u2014 the stamp the architects\u2019 professional body puts on the drawings \u2014 and <strong>no permit<\/strong>. The question is not whether you need one, but whether the <strong>basic<\/strong> study is enough or you need the <strong>full<\/strong> one.<\/p><p>On a detached house the basic study is usually enough. But watch the <strong>500 person-day<\/strong> threshold, which trips much earlier than the budget one. And <strong>a coordinator is needed almost always<\/strong>, even if you hire the trades yourself. Appointing him falls to the <em>promotor<\/em>, the client paying for the works \u2014 in a <a href=\"https:\/\/francortesarquitectos.com\/en\/guides\/self-build-in-spain\/\">self-build<\/a>, you \u2014 and so do the fines.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"fcg-datos\"><div class=\"fcg-dato\" style=\"--tono:#2a78d6\"><div class=\"v\">450,759.08 \u20ac<\/div><div class=\"k\">Budget threshold for the full study<\/div><\/div><div class=\"fcg-dato\" style=\"--tono:#eb6834\"><div class=\"v\">500 person-days<\/div><div class=\"k\">The threshold that trips first on a detached house<\/div><\/div><div class=\"fcg-dato\" style=\"--tono:#1baf7a\"><div class=\"v\">Almost always<\/div><div class=\"k\">Need for a coordinator during the execution phase<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">When the full study and when the basic one<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Article 4.1 of <strong>Royal Decree 1627\/1997<\/strong> requires a <strong>full study<\/strong> if <strong>any one<\/strong> of these four cases applies. The Royal Decree is national law: unlike the permit and the tax your <em>ayuntamiento<\/em> charges, it is the same in every municipality:<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Case<\/th><th>Threshold<\/th><th>On a detached house<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Contract budget for carrying out the works<\/td><td><span class=\"num\">\u2265 450,759.08 \u20ac<\/span><br><span style=\"color:#898781;font-size:12.5px\">The BOE, the official state gazette, still says 75 million pesetas<\/span><\/td><td>Possible on large works. VAT included<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Duration and number of workers<\/td><td>More than 30 working days <strong>and<\/strong> more than 20 workers at the same time<\/td><td>Both requirements are cumulative: they rarely both apply<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Volume of labour<\/td><td>More than <span class=\"num\">500 person-days<\/span><\/td><td><strong>The one that trips first.<\/strong> Five operatives \u00d7 a hundred days already exceed it<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Type of works<\/td><td>Tunnels, galleries, underground conduits and dams<\/td><td>Not relevant<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On designs that fall into none of them, the <strong>basic study<\/strong> is enough (article 4.2).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"fcg-nota\"><p><strong>The threshold most often overlooked.<\/strong> Almost everybody looks at the budget one and assumes a basic study will do. The 500 person-day one is what decides most medium-sized detached houses, and it is worth estimating well when the design is drafted, not discovering it on site.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What each one contains<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"fcg-cards dos\"><div class=\"fcg-card\" style=\"--tono:#2a78d6\"><div class=\"cab\">Full study<\/div><h3>Five documents (art. 5.2)<\/h3><p><strong>Descriptive report<\/strong>: procedures, equipment, avoidable and unavoidable risks, measures and protective equipment, assessing how effective they are.<\/p><p><strong>Particular conditions of contract<\/strong> with the rules that apply. <strong>Drawings<\/strong>. <strong>Quantities<\/strong> for every item. And a <strong>budget<\/strong> of its own, which the contractor cannot cut.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"fcg-card\" style=\"--tono:#1baf7a\"><div class=\"cab\">Basic study<\/div><h3>One document (art. 6.2)<\/h3><p>It specifies the safety rules that apply, identifies avoidable risks with their technical measures, lists unavoidable ones with their protective equipment, takes account of the other activities on site and details the measures for work of particular risk.<\/p><p>No conditions of contract, no drawings, no quantities and no budget of its own.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both must include forecasts and information useful for <strong>later work<\/strong> on maintenance and upkeep, the part most often forgotten and the one the owner will end up needing.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A study is not the same as a plan<\/h2>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th><\/th><th>Health and safety study<\/th><th>Health and safety plan<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Phase<\/td><td>Design<\/td><td>Execution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Who produces it<\/td><td>A competent technician appointed by the <em>promotor<\/em><\/td><td><strong>Each contractor<\/strong>, one each<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>What it is<\/td><td>The forecast of the risks in the design<\/td><td>How that contractor will carry out the works, with its own plant and system<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Who approves it<\/td><td>It forms part of the design<\/td><td>The coordinator for the execution phase, <strong>before work starts<\/strong>; if there is no coordinator, the <em>direcci\u00f3n facultativa<\/em><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The plan may propose alternative measures, but with technical justification and without reducing the levels of protection or, with a full study, the total amount. Any later change needs express approval. The <em>direcci\u00f3n facultativa<\/em> is the site management team: the <em>arquitecto<\/em> who signs the design and the <a href=\"https:\/\/francortesarquitectos.com\/en\/quantity-surveyor-in-madrid\/\"><em>arquitecto t\u00e9cnico<\/em><\/a> who directs execution. Law 38\/1999 on Building Regulation, the LOE, requires both. Fran Cort\u00e9s holds both qualifications.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The coordinator: almost always needed<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the part that surprises a self-builder most. There are two possible coordinators, and the rules differ:<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Phase<\/th><th>When it is compulsory<\/th><th>On a detached house<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Design<\/strong> (art. 3.1)<\/td><td>Where more than one designer is involved in preparing the design<\/td><td>Normally not, if a single architect signs<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Execution<\/strong> (art. 3.2)<\/td><td>Where more than one undertaking is involved, or one undertaking and self-employed workers, or several self-employed<\/td><td><strong>Practically always.<\/strong> A builder plus a subcontractor is enough<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"fcg-nota\"><p><strong>And appointing one does not relieve you of anything.<\/strong> Article 3.4 is literal: <em>\u201cthe appointment of the coordinators shall not relieve the promotor of his responsibilities\u201d<\/em>. In a self-build, the <em>promotor<\/em> is you.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">If you hire the trades directly yourself<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the most frequent question and the rules answer it clearly. Article 2.3 says that a <em>promotor<\/em> who hires self-employed workers directly <em>shall be deemed to be the contractor<\/em>, but it adds an express exception: that <em>\u201cshall not apply where the activity contracted for relates exclusively to the construction or repair work that a head of a family may contract for in respect of his own dwelling\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>How you hire<\/th><th>What you are<\/th><th>What falls to you<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>A building company<\/td><td>Only the <em>promotor<\/em><\/td><td>The study, appointing the coordinator, approving the plan through him<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Several self-employed workers directly, for your own home<\/td><td>The <em>promotor<\/em>. The head-of-family exception keeps you from being the contractor<\/td><td>Basic study and <strong>coordinator in execution compulsory<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Several companies directly<\/td><td>The <em>promotor<\/em>; each company is a contractor<\/td><td>Coordinator compulsory; each company with its own plan<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>With your own plant and your own employees<\/td><td><strong>Contractor<\/strong> (Law 32\/2006, art. 3)<\/td><td>Safety plan, opening of the workplace, preventive resources, training, protective equipment and health surveillance<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In short: the head-of-family exception saves you from being a <em>contratista<\/em>, not the <em>promotor<\/em>. And if you put labourers of your own on site, you become an employer for all purposes.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The obligations that get forgotten<\/h2>\n\n\n<ul class=\"fcg-check\"><li>The <strong><em>aviso previo<\/em>, the prior notice, was repealed<\/strong> in 2010: today it is the notification of opening of the workplace<\/li><li>It is filed by <strong>the contractor<\/strong>, before work begins, with the plan attached<\/li><li>The <strong><em>libro de incidencias<\/em><\/strong>, the site incident book, comes from the <em>colegio<\/em>, the professional body of the technician who approved the plan<\/li><li>It must be <strong>kept on site at all times<\/strong>, held by the coordinator<\/li><li>A repeated entry means a copy to the <em>Inspecci\u00f3n de Trabajo<\/em>, the labour inspectorate, within 24 hours<\/li><li>Without the study there is no <strong>visado and no permit<\/strong> (art. 17.1)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Penalties<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Failures by the <em>promotor<\/em> are classified as a <strong>serious<\/strong> offence in article 12.24 of the consolidated act on offences and penalties in the social order: not appointing coordinators where they are required, failing in the obligation to have the study drawn up, or the study showing <em>\u201csignificant and serious defects or shortcomings\u201d<\/em>. The fine goes to the <em>promotor<\/em>: in a self-build, to you and not your builder.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Degree<\/th><th>Minor<\/th><th>Serious<\/th><th>Very serious<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Lower<\/td><td><span class=\"num\">45 \u2013 485 \u20ac<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"num\">2,451 \u2013 9,830 \u20ac<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"num\">49,181 \u2013 196,745 \u20ac<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Middle<\/td><td><span class=\"num\">486 \u2013 975 \u20ac<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"num\">9,831 \u2013 24,585 \u20ac<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"num\">196,746 \u2013 491,865 \u20ac<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Upper<\/td><td><span class=\"num\">976 \u2013 2,450 \u20ac<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"num\">24,586 \u2013 49,180 \u20ac<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"num\">491,866 \u2013 983,736 \u20ac<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To which are added the surcharge on social security benefits, the stopping of the works and civil and criminal liability.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"fcg-faq\"><div class=\"q\"><h3>Does my house need a full study or a basic one?<\/h3><p>Basic, unless one of the four cases in article 4.1 of Royal Decree 1627\/1997 is exceeded. Be careful with the one on volume of labour: five operatives in a hundred days already exceed 500 person-days, well before the budget threshold of 450,759.08 euros.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"q\"><h3>Do I need a health and safety coordinator on a detached house?<\/h3><p>In practically every case, yes. Article 3.2 requires one where more than one undertaking is involved, or one undertaking and self-employed workers, or several self-employed. The only works that escape are those carried out by a single undertaking with no subcontractors and no self-employed, which is very rare.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"q\"><h3>If I hire the trades directly myself, do I become the contractor?<\/h3><p>For your own home, no: article 2.3 has an express exception for <em>\u201cthe construction or repair work that a head of a family may contract for in respect of his own dwelling\u201d<\/em>. But you are still the <em>promotor<\/em>, so basic study and coordinator remain compulsory. And if you take on workers of your own, you become a contractor for all purposes under article 3 of Law 32\/2006.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"q\"><h3>Does the aviso previo still exist?<\/h3><p>No. It was repealed by Royal Decree 337\/2010. What is filed today is the notification of opening of the workplace, with the safety plan attached, and the contractor files it before work begins.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"q\"><h3>Who approves the builder\u2019s safety plan?<\/h3><p>The health and safety coordinator for the execution phase, before the works start. If no coordinator has to be appointed, the <em>direcci\u00f3n facultativa<\/em> approves it.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"q\"><h3>Can my architect draft it?<\/h3><p>Yes, as a competent technician appointed by the <em>promotor<\/em>. And without the study there is no <em>visado<\/em> of the design and no municipal permit: article 17.1 says so.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"fcg-cta\"><h2>We draft it with the design, not afterwards<\/h2><p>The study comes out of the same design and from a real estimate of person-days, which is what decides whether the basic one is enough. And we tell you from the outset whether you will need a coordinator, so it does not appear as a surprise on the day of the <a href=\"https:\/\/francortesarquitectos.com\/en\/guides\/acta-de-replanteo\/\"><em>acta de replanteo<\/em><\/a>, the setting-out record.<\/p><div class=\"btns\"><a class=\"p\" href=\"https:\/\/francortesarquitectos.com\/en\/contact\/\">Talk to the studio<\/a><a class=\"s\" href=\"https:\/\/francortesarquitectos.com\/en\/tools\/construction-cost\/\">Work out what my house will cost<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"fcg-fuentes\"><strong>Sources.<\/strong> Royal Decree 1627\/1997, articles 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 13, 17 and 19, with article 18 repealed by Royal Decree 337\/2010. Order TIN\/1071\/2010. Law 32\/2006 on subcontracting in the construction sector, article 3. Royal Legislative Decree 5\/2000, articles 12.23, 12.24, 13.8 and 40.2, as worded by Law 10\/2021. Technical Guide of the <em>Instituto Nacional de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo<\/em>, the national institute for health and safety at work, for construction works.<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Does my house need a full study or a basic one?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Basic, unless one of the four cases in article 4.1 of Royal Decree 1627\/1997 is exceeded. Be careful with the one on volume of labour: five operatives in a hundred days already exceed 500 person-days, well before the budget threshold of 450,759.08 euros.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Do I need a health and safety coordinator on a detached house?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"In practically every case, yes. 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What is filed today is the notification of opening of the workplace, with the safety plan attached, and the contractor files it before work begins.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Who approves the builder\u2019s safety plan?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The health and safety coordinator for the execution phase, before the works start. If no coordinator has to be appointed, the direcci\u00f3n facultativa approves it.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Can my architect draft it?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes, as a competent technician appointed by the promotor. And without the study there is no visado of the design and no municipal permit: article 17.1 says so.\"}}]}<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In short. Every set of works with a design needs a health and safety study, and without one there is no visado \u2014 the stamp the architects\u2019 professional body puts on the drawings \u2014 and no permit. The question is not whether you need one, but whether the basic study is enough or you need [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":34116,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"rank_math_title":"Health and safety study Spain: thresholds, coordinator","rank_math_description":"When a full health and safety study is required and when the basic one is enough, who drafts it, and why a detached house almost always needs a coordinator.","rank_math_focus_keyword":"health and safety study spain","rank_math_canonical_url":"","rank_math_robots":"","rank_math_facebook_title":"","rank_math_facebook_description":"","rank_math_facebook_image":"","rank_math_twitter_use_facebook":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-34120","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/francortesarquitectos.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/34120","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/francortesarquitectos.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/francortesarquitectos.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/francortesarquitectos.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/francortesarquitectos.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34120"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/francortesarquitectos.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/34120\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34134,"href":"https:\/\/francortesarquitectos.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/34120\/revisions\/34134"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/francortesarquitectos.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/34116"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/francortesarquitectos.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34120"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}